Genetically Modified Foods Essay - 615 Words

Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified crops are harmful to humans and the environment and shouldnt be used. Agriculture should proceed in harmony with nature and nature only. That is why some people have decided to buy organically grown food. From their experiences with organic food, they believe that the organic system can be economically practical. This system also provides a wide range of environmental and social benefits, and most importantly, it enables consumers to make a choice about the food they eat. According to Diana Brander, an American biology teacher, we should have the choice of the type of food we eat. But at a time when sales of organic food are soaring, a development in agriculture is removing an†¦show more content†¦Even if this is true, it is not the whole story. The government may fail to take into account the ecological impact of the farming industry. For example, most of the genetically modified plants marketed so far contain genes from bacteria which make them resistant to a wide variety of weed killers. When the crop is sprayed with this weed killer all other plants in the field are killed. The result is a very sterile field, providing neither food nor habitat for wildlife. The genetically modified plants are capable of interbreeding with their relative plants which creates new weeds with a built in resistance to the weed killer. In one incident modified genes from a crop spread into a conventional crop that was more than a mile away. As a result of this, conventional crops and organic crops are in great danger. Genetically modified crops are being developed to produce their own pesticide. This will bring the rapid appearance of resistant insects. Even worse, these pesticide producing plants have killed some beneficial insects and pests that many farmers use in their crops. For example, inserting a gene from a snowdrop, a perennial herb found in Europe and Asia into a potato, made the potato resistant to the green fly, but killed lady bugs that feed on green flies. Despite the huge acreages involved, there is no requirement to monitor genetically modified commercial crops to see what is happening at all times.Show MoreRelatedGenetically Foods : Genetically Modified Foods1239 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically Modified Foods â€Å"70 percent of our corn farmland and 93 percent of soy farmland are planted with crops genetically engineered to resist pests and herbicides and increase crop yields. 60% of all the processed foods in the United States are genetically modified; a shocking statistic has the concern of many Americans. However, most people are uninformed about the beneficial impact that genetically modified food has on their diet. GM is the use of molecular biology technology to modify theRead MoreGenetically Modified Food : Modified Foods1165 Words   |  5 PagesCheenne 09/21/2014 Genetically Modified Food Accompany the growing population in the world and food shortages, in order to alleviate the immediate crisis, transgenic technology began to be used in the field of food production. Genetic engineering technology as a young technology, which gives us a lot of genetically modified food and gained unprecedented gains. But science is a double-edged sword. People are concern the topic about that whether genetically modified foods is safety. It is evidentlyRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Food947 Words   |  4 PagesAs genetically modified food appeared into people’s consciousness, it had been at the center of vehement controversy. Because people lack information about genetically modified food’s potential influence, they wonder whether genetically modified food is a miracle or not. Genetically modified food can solve several problems. The potential effects of genetically modified food also should be measured. However, people should not assume that genetic ally modified food only has disadvantages, but understandRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods822 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically Modified Foods What is it that we are eating? GMO’s are unnatural. Is it healthy to eat something that doesn’t belong in our digestive system? GMO’s are genetically modified food. Genetically modified foods are created by taking genes from plants and animals and inserting into our food to alter the genetic engineering. In 1984, GMO’s were first introduced when a plant was modified from antibiotic resistant tobacco. In 1994, genetically modifying food was approved by the FDA and theRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods1979 Words   |  8 Pages Genetically modified organisms are plants and animals that have been biologically engineered with the DNA of other plants, animals, bacteria, etc. Such modifications and combinations cannot occur in nature through crossbreeding or by other organic means. While commonplace in the vast majority of our marketplace, the information and nature of genetically modified foods is not as common. Information is, in fact, available on these genetically modified products, but they have to be sought out. TheRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1101 Words   |  4 Pages Ever wondered what has been put into everyday food and what the impact is on human health? Approximately 60-80 % of everyday food has one ingredient made from genetically modified foods. When hearing â€Å"genetically modified food† people automatically think it is only bad for health, but there is also a good impact surprisingly. The one bad thing is that people do not know what types food have been modified because the re are no labels for GMO products. Even though GMOs have a bad impact on humanRead MoreWhat Are Genetically Modified Foods?1236 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are genetically-modified foods? The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1787 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Genetically Modified Food ‘With genetically modified foods I believe we have reached the thin edge of the wedge, we are messing with the building blocks of life and its scary’ - Malcom Walker, Chairman and Chief Executive of Iceland Foods (Quotes from Scientists). Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are plants or animals made by splicing the gene and inserting DNA from different species of plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. These genes would not naturally result in a cross breed.Read MoreGenetically Modified Food1213 Words   |  5 PagesThis report evaluate about the genetically modified food that why we need this, what are its key issues and how we can overcome these issues? In the field of biotechnology, the vast development was observed in the last few decades comprising the manipulation of genetic material to generate animal and plants with certain desirable attributes. Genetically Modified/Manipulated Organisms frequently termed as GMOs, refer to organisms whose genetic material has been modified through recombinant DNA (rDNA)Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods1928 Words   |  8 PagesAre genetically modified foods assessed differently from traditional foods? Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) are known to cause a swarm of controversy; a lot of experts disagree with the notion that if it’s economically successful, then the potential health risks found in Genetically Modified Foods can be overlooked. The questions someone must ask themselves is this, can the Genetically Modified Foods be helpful? Does money matter more than your health? Ask yourself these questions. But before

It’S Likely That You See Them Every Day, And Even Eat Them

It’s likely that you see them every day, and even eat them – still, hearing the words Genetically Modified Organism, or GMO, causes a feeling of uneasiness with most consumers. Much of society seems to think of genetically modified organisms as a completely unnatural and twisted presence in nature. However, the presence of GMOs has led to groundbreaking discoveries that are offering solutions to many of humanity’s biggest issues. We all know that food is crucial to human existence. Therefore, each and every one of us rely on sustainable agriculture. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs released an article titled â€Å"World Population Projected to Reach 9.6 Billion by 2050 – UN Report† that claimed our population will†¦show more content†¦al). GMOs able to be used in a variety of different facets of agriculture and can be of great benefit to fight world hunger and malnutrition, as well as help sustain our environment . Anna-Karin Kolseth, Tina D’Hertefeldt, Maren Emmerich, Flavio Forabosco, Stefan Marklund, Tanya E. Cheeke, Sara Hallin, and Martin Weih authored an article titled Influence of Genetically Modified Organisms on Agro-ecosystem Processes† for the 2015 edition of Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment. In said article, the authors explain that with the current problems of loss of biodiversity and limited arable lands, biotech crops contribute to a sustainable intensiï ¬ cation strategy that allows productivity to be increased on the current 1.5 billion hectares of global crop land. Therefore, forests and biodiversity are able to be preserved. As with conventional crops, the technology also should be used together with proper farming practices such as rotations and resistance management (Kolseth). The Flavr Savr tomato, the first commercially marketed GM crop (genetically modified crop), was created in 1992 by Calgene, a California company. The company’s researchers were able to inhibit a gene that produces a protein that makesShow MoreRelatedSchool Lunches Are Bad For Health Reasons Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pages2 December 2016 School Lunches Are Gross Have you ever taken a bit in your school lunch and just want to spit it all back out? Or how about the little portions you get? These types of school lunches should not be allowed to be given to the students because there are many reasons why school lunches are bad for health reasons. Although the school lunches are supposed to be healthier and better for our well-being, school lunches should change because it’s not very appetizing, there are little portionsRead MoreSuing A Fast Food Restaurant1503 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever thought about suing a fast food restaurant because of how unhealthy is making your body? Well in his essay â€Å"Don’t blame the eater† David Zinczenko talks about children that are trying to sue McDonalds for making them fat. Growing up with divorced parents and a mother who worked long hours, Zinczenko was left with no other choice but to turn to fast food restaurants in order to sustain himself. He describes how it’s easy f or kids to put on weight and turn obese by eating junk food. HeRead MoreYou Are What You Eat: The Detrimental Effects of a Poor Diet789 Words   |  3 PagesYou are What You Eat You are what you eat is an idiom that most everyone can recall being told at some point. The phrase was gotten from Anthelme Brillat-Savarin who wrote in 1826 Dis-moi ce que tu manges, je te dirai ce que tu es. Translated into English it means â€Å"tell me what you eat and I will tell you what you are†. Many people especially in the United States do not really give the food that they eat very much thought. The people in this country eat because of the taste of food, the experienceRead MoreThe Rotten Damage Of Food Waste1378 Words   |  6 Pageschildren were most likely told to always finish all the food on their plates because somewhere else in the world, another child was starving. Most kids never really understand how serious the matter actually is and it is expected for adults to know better but here we are in 2016 where roughly one third of food produced is wasted every year. The problem with this is that about 21,000 people die per day from starvation, but where is th at food they need to live? It’s rotting in the fridge, it’s being used forRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Young And Oversized1320 Words   |  6 Pagesare obese has quadrupled within the past thirty years. Children at a young age are already being diagnosed with medical issues such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity itself is the second leading cause of preventable death. Currently, every one out of three kids is diagnosed as obese. Over the past years, obesity has highly increased in children and there are three things that lead to this issue; which are the consumption of fast foods, lack of physical activity, and certain family situationsRead MoreThe Problem Of Childhood Hunger1344 Words   |  6 Pagesvulnerable populations. (Initiative Reduces Hunger and Poverty, 2014). Children who don’t get enough to eat, especially during their first three years; begin life at a serious disadvantage. When children are hungry they are more likely to be hospit alized and they face higher risks of health conditions like anemia and asthma. As they grow up, kids struggling to get enough to eat are more likely to have problems in school and other social situations. (feedingamerica.org, 2017). In an article by SharonRead MoreThe Problems With Childhood Obesity955 Words   |  4 Pages The Problems with Childhood Obesity A growing problem in America is childhood obesity which literally gets over looked every day. Children who are obese are more likely to have cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and other serious health risk when they get older. Childhood obesity has increased highly over the generations. In my opinion causes for childhood obesity includes, not having enough physical activity at home or in schools, and food habits, which the parents is in control of whenRead MoreThe Environmental Impacts Of Food Production1187 Words   |  5 Pagesfuels.† In the news, one may see headings like, â€Å"Polar Ice Caps Melting,† â€Å"Sea Levels Rise,† or â€Å"CO2 Emissions are at Alarming Rates.† Climate change tends to be paired with big coal burning power plants, smog from cars in metropolitan areas and the burning of fossil fuels. All of that is very true, however there is a contributor to climate change that tends to be overlooked and that is food production. Food pr oduction is a huge contributor to climate change and when you think about the amount of foodRead MoreVegetarianism: Fighting the Addiction to Meat Essay835 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral population continue to overlook is the addiction to meat. Many people love meat and eat it every day! The thought of not eating meat is absolutely devastating to them; they can’t imagine living like that! But by reducing your intake of meat, you are not only benefiting yourself, you are benefiting your environment! There are a variety of vegetarians. Vegans are â€Å"pure† vegetarian; they don’t eat anything that has been derived from animals (meat, poultry, fish, dairy, etc.). Some vegans don’tRead MoreEssay on Speech Outline on Organic Food1566 Words   |  7 Pagesconsume organic food is a smart and healthy choice for you and your family. Formal Outline of Speech Introduction I. â€Å"The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous 10,000.† Food activist, Michael Pollan, makes this statement as the introduction to a documentary titled Food Inc., which discusses the way food is being produced today in America. A. Now, there are many choices that can be made when trying to eat healthy. 1. Eating the recommended amount

Comparison of IT Governance and Control

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of IT Governance and Control. Answer: Introduction: According to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), auditors are liable to evaluate the overall data of the company and detect any kind of misstatement or manipulation, which might hinder its financial condition. As auditors are liable for stating qualified or unqualified as per the rules laid down by GAAP, King Queen has mainly depicted that the financials of Impulse Pty ltd are unqualified. The unqualified report of the auditor mainly states the Impulse Pyt Ltd has accordingly depicted the overall financial position of the company. In this context, Becker and Bailey (2014) mentioned that qualified and unqualified variation mainly states that the company has correctly presented the value in their financial report, which is according to the GAAP rules. Nevertheless, Chambers and Odar (2015) argued that some auditors to increase their financial gain use unethical methods and provide companies with unqualified quotations, whose financial report is not presented according to the GAAP rules. Furthermore, the case study also depicts that the auditors have provided Impulse Pyt Ltd with unqualified audio report. This depiction mainly states that the company has prepared their financial report according to GAAP rules, where the liquidation problem is also identified in the financial report. The intense liquidation problems, which is identified in the financial report was not actually analysed by EFL before involving in the investment scope. Furthermore, the company has not been using effective asset valuation, which needed an audit report for analysing financial report. Christensen, Glover and Wood (2012) stated that auditors are mainly responsible for any kind of valuation, which is needed for detecting the financial condition of the company. On the other hand, Cohen and Simnett (2014) argued that some auditors use qualified denotation for companies, who does not present adequate financial data in their report. Moreover, the liquidation problems of the Impulse Pty Ltd mainly states that the company has fallen short in supporting their short-term obligations as debtors and inventory turner declined over the period. This reduction in cash flow mainly reduced the companys ability to support its payments, which led to sever liquidation problems. Decaux and Sarens (2015) mentioned that companies with the help of auditors are able to mask their liquidation problems and project financially healthy condition. However, the relevant rules and cases could be identified, which might help in understanding the actual liability of King Queen auditing firm. In this context, Duncan and Whittington (2014) cited that liability limitation agreements (LLAs) presented in 2008 mainly helps the auditors to reduce any kind of litigations, which might be presented companies having loss due to its audit report. The overall unqualified report presented by King Queen has for the financial year 2012, does not reflect any kind of liquidation problems, which is been faced by the company. However, the major issues of the liquidation mainly resulted in loss, which was acquired by EFL. Specific case like Dick Smith and Lehman Brothers scandal mainly resulted in overall loss, which was incurred by many investors. In addition, the directors and CEOs were prosecuted in the court, while the auditors were mere fined a small amount. The overall decision taken by the regulatory mainly states that auditors were not liable for paying any kind of loss, which is been acquired by investors. Moreover, the financial condition is mainly reflected in their financial report, which was utilised by the EFL in conducting their investments. This wrong depiction in their financial report mainly states the negligence in of auditors responsibility, which was conducted by King Queen auditing firm. Erickson, Goldman and Stekelberg (2015) argued that auditing firm mainly represents authenticity in the financial report, which could be manipulated for nay monetary gain. Specific cases like Hedley Byrne and Co Ltd v Heller and Partners (1964) AC 465 and Law Society vs. KPMG Peat Marwick and Ot hers; CHD 3 NOV, 1999 mainly represents influence that was flamed by auditors in making adequate investment decisions. These case also represents the negligence of the auditors responsibility, which resulted in scandals and losses incurred by auditors. Thus, after the analysis of the two cases and the liability limitation agreements (LLAs) it could be stated that auditors are partially liable for the misstatements conducted by company. However, after the augmentation of liability limitation agreements (LLAs) in 2008 the auditors are mainly exempted in Australia regarding any kind of misjudgement or negligence found in the financial audit. Graham (2015) mentioned that after the augmentation of LLAs the investors mainly uses auditors report as reference to complete the financial evaluation before conducting any type of investment. Depicting a different scenario where EFL contacted King Queen before making their investment decision: The change in the overall scenario mainly reflects upon the confidentially regulations stated by GAAP in their rulebook. King Queen is liable to keep the financial reports of Impulse Pyt ltd confidential from EFL as they are third party investors. In addition, the approach of EFL mainly states that the auditing company is liable to analyse the financial condition of Impulse and present viability of its financial position. Homb et al. (2014) cited that investors mainly chooses the services of auditors to analyse the actual financial condition of the company and present the future scope and return, which could be provide by the investment. Moreover, as EFl has approach King Queen auditing firm for analysing the financial condition of the Impulse Pyt Ltd and after that if the loss happens then the auditing firm is liable to EFl. The request for gathering information and presenting the financials report as per GAAP rule is adequate and by doing so King Queen is not violating the confidentially law as its only presenting and highlighting what is actually present in the financial report and no internal data is been leaked. In this scenario, King Queen auditing firm will be liable to pay the losses incurred by EFL from the investment conducted from their data base. Knechel (2016) mentioned that Goldman Sachs were liable to pay heft among of money to its investors as wring financial report and analysis was conducted, which resulted in heavy losses. Thus it could be evaluated that King Queen are liable to EFL if their were contacted before investment was conducted. Evaluating perceived and actual interdependence and explaining its significance: Internal and external auditors are mainly provided with perceived and actual auditing independence, which mainly depicts the financial interest of the business. Independence of auditors mainly states that no external influence is been forced on to the auditors, during the process of conducting the financial report. Lad and Dahl (2014) mentioned that non-influenced auditors mainly present the actual financial condition of the company in the auditors report, which could be used by investors in making adequate financial decisions. The following are the viable independence, which is been provided to the auditors during the audit process. This type of independence is mainly provided to auditors for perceiving any kind of judgment, which might be taken during the auditing report. In addition, the perceived independence is mainly used in valuing the asset of the company or any other judgement, which requires perception. However, increased dependence in perception calculation might increase the chance of misstatement analysed by the auditors, which in turn might hamper the financial report. Melidis et al. (2014) mentioned that companies sometimes allow perception method to inflate their assets valuation and increase the overall financial condition. However, Sandberg et al. (2016) argued that inflated values in financial report mainly instigate insolvency conditions of the company, which might hamper both auditors and companies reputation among investors. The independence, which does not restrict the auditors in making their full valuation and depicting the adequate financial condition, is known as actual independence. This type of independence is mainly required for each auditor, which mainly help the investors make adequate financial decision by evaluating the overall risk to their investment. Shah and Jarzabkowski (2013) argued that due to lucrative offers auditors does not conduct the auditing process in actual independence, as the company in form or other influences them. Moreover, the actual independence of the auditors mainly relies on the attitude towards the overall situation and the willingness to present authentic and viable report to relevant users. In this context, Shah and Nair (2013) mentioned that due to strict laws and regulations auditors are mainly relying on actual independence during their auditing process or else it will attract punishment, which might negatively reflect on the career. Providing professional standards and regulatory requirements for independent situations depicted in the scenario: The first scenario mainly states that Bob needs to conduct the assignment provided by its university, which needs an in-depth analysis of the financial position of Club Casino. However, during the analyses of the financial information Bob mainly used the companys internal information in its report, which was needed as per the assignment brief. The use of internal data is mainly an auditing breach, which is been conducted Bob and is punishable by law. As per the law, publishing the auditing report without prior notice to the company might attract litigation, which might hamper reputation and tarnish viability of the persons audit report. Becker and Bailey (2014) mentioned that strict auditing rules are mainly enforced to prohibit competitors from taking advantage of companies secrets and hamper their overall market position. The second situation mainly states that Wendy is been acting as the company secretary in absence of an appointed secretary, as asked by Ace limited. Wendy has been acting as the company secretary for past six months only, which clearly violates the rules laid down by GAAP. AS per the guidelines, the company are liable to follow the rules and regulation laid by GAAP, which mainly states that a company must have a proper secretary in hand, who will be handing the internal matter of the company. However, after the violation of the rules Wendy must be asked to leave the post immediately and the secretarial position must be filled with some qualified. Chambers and Odar (2015) stated that GAAP rules and regulations are mainly there for preventing any mishap, which might hamper overall performance of the company. The third scenario mainly states that Leo has been appointed during the vacation as a temporary auditor for Precision Machinery limited. The appointment is mainly conducted as he Leo is the eldest son of the foreman and has been involved in the internal audit system. In addition, this type of decision, which is been conducted mainly violates the regulations that might be depicted by GAAP. The overall rules of the auditor members mainly states that any family members, staff, or acquaintance could not be appointed in the internal audit report. The appointment of Leo in the internal auditor procedure mainly violates the rules laid down by GAAP. Christensen, Glover and Wood (2012) stated that investors mainly evaluate the persons, which are involved in the audit procedure for detecting the viability of the financial report. Either father or Leo could resign from their position for compensating the violation, which is been conducted by the company in their internal audit procedure. The fourth scenario mainly states that Classic Reproduction Pty Limited is not able to pay the full audit dues to the Chan Associates, which is been compensated by provided furniture worth 50% and 25% stake in its shares. This type of arrangement mainly violates the auditing principle of not taking any kind of bribe from the client. In addition, the overall acceptance of change could also be not conducted, as the company is still not incorporated (Cohen and Simnett 2014). Thus, the auditing firm mainly needs to return the overall furniture and shares, which is been provided by Classic Reproduction Pty Limited in exchange for their services. Moreover, as for their payment the auditing company could withdraw their consent from Classic Reproduction Pty Limited financial report, which might in turn depicts the low financial position of the company. Reference: Becker, J., and Bailey, E. 2014. A Comparison of IT Governance Control Frameworks in Cloud Computing. Chambers, A. D., and Odar, M. 2015. A new vision for internal audit.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), pp.34-55. Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M., and Wood, D. A. 2012. Extreme estimation uncertainty in fair value estimates: Implications for audit assurance.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(1), pp.127-146. Cohen, J. R., and Simnett, R. 2014. CSR and assurance services: A research agenda.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.59-74. Decaux, L., and Sarens, G. 2015. Implementing combined assurance: insights from multiple case studies.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), pp.56-79. Duncan, B., and Whittington, M. 2014, September. Compliance with standards, assurance and audit: does this equal security?. InProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks(p. 77). ACM. Erickson, M., Goldman, N., and Stekelberg, J. 2015. The Cost of Compliance: FIN 48 and Audit Fees.Journal of the American Taxation Association. Graham, L., 2015.Internal Control Audit and Compliance: Documentation and Testing Under the New COSO Framework. John Wiley Sons. Homb, N. M., Sheybani, S., Derby, D., and Wood, K. (2014). Audit and feedback intervention: An examination of differences in chiropractic record-keeping compliance.The Journal of chiropractic education,28(2), pp.123. Knechel, W. R. 2016. Audit quality and regulation.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), pp.215-223. Lad, P.M. and Dahl, R., 2014. Audit of the informed consent process as a part of a clinical research quality assurance program.Science and engineering ethics,20(2), pp.469-479. Melidis, C., Bosch, W.R., Izewska, J., Fidarova, E., Zubizarreta, E., Ishikura, S., Followill, D., Galvin, J., Xiao, Y., Ebert, M.A. and Kron, T., 2014. Radiation therapy quality assurance in clinical trialsGlobal Harmonisation Group.Radiotherapy and oncology: journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology,111(3), p.327. NewsComAu. (2016).Dick Smith disaster in five steps. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/the-dick-smith-disaster-explained-in-five-easy-steps/news-story/b95f243d54f423ced869b8ec77838046 [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Sandberg, M., Dahl, J., Lindegaard, L.L. and Pedersen, J.R., 2016. Compliance/non-compliance with biosecurity rules specified in the Danish Quality Assurance system (KIK) and Campylobacter-positive broiler flocks 2012 and 2013.Poultry Science, p.pew277. Shah, M. and Jarzabkowski, L., 2013. The Australian higher education quality assurance framework: From improvement-led to compliance-driven.Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education,17(3), pp.96-106. Shah, M. and Nair, C.S. eds., 2013.External Quality Audit: Has it Improved Quality Assurance in Universities?. Elsevier.

Health Factors on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island People

Question: How Do Determinants Of Health Factors On Aboriginal And Torres Strait Island People? Answer: Introduction Improving the health status of Australians has always been a challenge especially for the indigenous Australian people. This is because of the wide gaps that exist in regard to the health status of indigenous as well as non-indigenous Australians. Social determinants theory proposes that both inequality plus population health are determined by many factors that are put together (Marmot 2011, p.512). The determinants of health factors as per the indigenous Australians include education, employment and income, housing, health behavior and lifestyle, transport, and community safety.This paper addresses some of these determinants of health factors and their impacts on health plus the wellbeing of a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Island origin. Socioeconomic determinants of health among Indigenous Australian people Employment Employment and the wellness of a person are two separate things while are connected. Being employed has essential outcomes on social, emotional welfare and living standards of a person, family and community at large. According to Aspin et al. (2012, p.143) studies show that prolonged periods of unemployment can have adverse effects on the wellbeing of a person. It can cause problems such as poor health, both physical and psychological. Aspin et al. (2012, p.143) suggest that the three essential measures of unemployment participation include the employment rate, unemployment rates and the labor force participation. The labor force entails people willing or contributing to the supply of labor, and they are the working people (Aspin et al., 2012, p.143). The remainders are not in the work force. The employment participation by Aboriginal Torres Strait Islanders remains very low in contrary to other Australians. The studies in 2008 showed that the employment rate for indigenous Australi an residents aged between 15 to 65 years was 60% compared to 80% of non-indigenous people. Besides, the employment rate of indigenous people was found to be smaller than the employment rate of non-indigenous Australians (Aspin et al., p.143) At the same time, the employment rate of indigenous Australians in 2008 was found to be greater in larger cities contrary to the metropolitan as well as remote set ups. Here, participation in the community development programs was 19% opposite to the 1% in non-remote areas (Aspin et al. 2012, p.143). However, the majority of the Community Development Education Program, people were employed temporarily. Irrespective of the growing patterns of indigenous recruitment in the labor force there is still a significant gap between the indigenous as well as non-indigenous Australian residents. To reduce this gap, extra indigenous Australian people should be in the employment sector over the number that was registered in 2008 (Aspin et al. (2012, p.143). To achieve this, it is vital that the unemployed indigenous people gain as well as retain labor force. Also, youths should make a great school to work transitions. For instance, in 2008 to 2009, there were over 100, 000 indigenous Australians aged between 15to 65 years who had no formal employment compared to the 140, 000 youthful indigenous Australians who will be of working age in the year 2018 to 2019 (Henderson et al. 2007, p.136).As a matter of fact, school to work force transition will be guided by the growth towards achieving educational attainment goals. Some of the contributing factors that led to unemployment are lack of education as well as health that have a great impact on the persons power to get plus sustain job (Henderson et al. 2007, p.137). Limited job market in the remote setting also makes it hard for a person to find as well as maintain a job. Such factors are prevalent among the indigenous Australians as compared to the non- indigenous hence leading to a reduced interaction of the indigenous Australians in the labor market Community safety Being in an area where safety is not guaranteed and has negative effects on health plus the wellbeing of a person. The indigenous Australians have been experiencing these effects for the last decades. Holmes et al. (2002, p.1267) postulated that the extent of crime and violence in indigenous societies should have been experienced in the situation of colonization, discrimination as well as following markers such as unemployment, lack of access to lands and low income. In 2008, about 24 % of Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Island people aged 18years and above reported that they were victims of either physical or threatened violence over the last one year (Holmes et al. 2002, p.1268). This figure reduced with age, from 35% of those aged 18 to 24 years to 7% of those of 55years. Moreover, the indigenous males were almost double as much as non-indigenous males to report being either a victim of threatened or physical violence (Holmes et al. 2002, p.1268). On the same note, the indigen ous women were almost three times as much as non-indigenous women to report cases of being victimized(Holmes et al. 2002, p.1268). On the other hand, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people are supposedly to be victims of violence as well as hospitalized for the injuries sustained in the event of an assault. Every gender experiences such difficulties at a similar rate. However, indigenous females experience higher rates of insecurity than other females. Lack of safety in the society contributes a lot to the issue of diseases for the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Island people. A family violence prevention legal service supports the indigenous victims. According to Kowal et al. (2007, p.18) what the service does is to provide legal assistance, case work, counseling as well as court support. Besides, the Australian state has supported a nations strategy to curb violence across all women plus their siblings through a support on the indigenous families. The government has allocated over $440 million over the next decade for the safety as well as health plus the wellbeing of young generation including children and families in the dry Aboriginal communities in Australia. A case study in the Northern territory of Australia found that most people in indigenous societies felt the need for administration officer so as to reduce incidences of violence that result from drug and substance abuse ( Kowal et al. 2007, p.18). Aboriginal people are heavy smokers and drug abusers including pregnant mothers. This problem of drug has created health problems to the indigenous Australian people. Despite all this, the people are not likely to abstain from substance and drug abuse. Housing Things such as homelessness, overcrowding in housing, and House tenure type have impacts on the health plus the well-being of an individual. Pink and Allbon (2008) holds that the aspect of overpopulation occurs in conjunction with similar environmental health factors like sanitation and contaminated water. Overcrowding is very common in most of the indigenous Australian households and might increase danger of health such as lead to stress and fatigue. Generally overcrowding is considered to have adverse effects on the health of a person, especially the respiratory system, skin infections and mental health. These are some of the problems that have been experienced by the Indigenous Aboriginals. On the other hand, they are more likely to stay on rented houses, hence leading to higher accommodation rates. House tenure is connected with outcomes such as mortality as well as morbidity. In 2008, over 20% of Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Island people of 15 years of age and above were staying in overcrowded houses. By comparison, 5% of other Australians of the same age were staying in overpopulated areas in the year 2007 to 2008 (Pink and Allbon 2008). Almost half of indigenous Australians of youthful age stayed in congested areas compared with 15% in other parts of the country. Besides household, overcrowding also depends on the socioeconomic status of a given community. In 2008, Aboriginal as well as Torres Island people accounted for almost 10% of homeless demography (Pink and Allbon 2008). They just live in temporary shelters without kitchen, bathroom or security of tenure (Trewin and Madden 2005, p.419). Besides, such definition might not reflect how homelessness is understood by the people of Aboriginal and Torres Island. There is a huge connection between housing and health. Although living with extended families in a single housing might be allowed according to the culture of the Aboriginal and Torres people, innovations in the aspect of providing appropriate houses are necessary. House tenure is determined by factors such as income, employment as well as the communal tenancy in remote societies. On the same note, the exact causes plus contexts of Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Islandersthat are homeless should be undressed when responding to this problem (Durie 2003, p.510). Housing has been one of the many factors affecting the health of indigenous aboriginal Island people. Low standard houses as well as poorly managed houses along with improper functioning structure leads to serious health problems. The impact of poor housing can affect the mental health plus well being of occupants because of the multiple problems that emerge as a result of inadequate material conditions. Transport Transport has been of great benefit on health. It allows quick access to goods and services as well as assisting people to develop plus maintain a social network. Studies on the social determinants of health has shown that lack of access to transport is experienced mostly by women, children, older people and those with disability, people from minority groups as well as low socioeconomic status particularly those in remote areas (Purdie et al., 2010, p.76). Aboriginal Torres Strait Island people face different changes connected to transport. Such changes had a greater influence on social as well as economic effects, plus other effects on access to health care services. Purdie et al. (2010, p.76) hold that lack of transport options impact on the access to healthcare, particularly professional services. In 2008, indigenous households, especially in dry regions were less likely compared to other people to have access to a car. In dry areas, almost 45% of indigenous of people had no access to cars (Purdie et al. 2010, p.76). However, in 2008 an estimate of 25% of Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Island people had used public transport for the last 21 days. Of the 210,000 people that had not used public means for the last 21 days, about 44% of them lived in regions where there was no access to public transport (Purdie et al. 2010, p.76). Culture barriers and limited resources can reduce the access as well as willingness to public transpo rt. Patient transport services meant to help patients having chronic diseases to access healthcare on a daily basis are essential factors of healthcare service delivery. This is exhibited among the indigenous Australians where public as well as private transport is restricted. However, patient transport service is supplied by a wide spectrum of services such as the aboriginal community health group, voluntary groups, and hospitals as well as ambulance services. Unfortunately, the provision of such services differs across the country plus the access isnt always guaranteed. Some of the actions connected to transport include eligibility criteria, reviewing the effectiveness as well as patient-assisted travel plots for boosting equitability access to services through Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Island people in the entire Australia (Purdie et al. 2010, p.76). However, the National Healthcare Agreement engages states plus areas to fund patients assistance travel strategies as well as to ascertain that patients are cautious on ways of accessing such strategies. Conclusion This paper has addressed a wide spectrum of issues. It seeks to show the determinants of health factors as well as their impacts on health plus the wellbeing of a person. It discusses that the socioeconomic determinants of health for the indigenous Australian residents reflects more than the actual demerits. It also recognizes the non-enjoyment as well as deprival of human rights of the indigenous Australian residents as compared to their counterparts non-indigenous Australians. However, approaches by the Australian government have been put in place to address the determinants of socioeconomic factors and their impact on health plus the welfare of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people. References Aspin, C., Brown, N., Jowsey, T., Yen, L. and Leeder, S., 2012. Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative study. BMC health services research, 12(1), p.143. Couzos, S. and Thiele, D.D., 2016. Aboriginal peoples participation in their health care: a patient right and an obligation for health care providers. Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, 40, pp.6-7. Durie, M.H., 2003. The health of indigenous peoples: depends on genetics, politics, and socioeconomic factors.(Editorials). British Medical Journal, 326(7388), pp.510-512. Gracey, M. and King, M., 2009. Indigenous health part 1: determinants and disease patterns. The Lancet, 374(9683), pp.65-75. Henderson, G., Robson, C., Cox, L., Dukes, C., Tsey, K. and Haswell, M., 2007. Social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people within the broader context of the social determinants of health. In Beyond bandaids: exploring the underlying social determinants of Aboriginal Health (pp. 136-164). Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health. Holmes, W., Stewart, P., Garrow, A., Anderson, I. and Thorpe, L., 2002. Researching Aboriginal health: experience from a study of urban young people's health and well-being. Social Science Medicine, 54(8), pp.1267-1279. Kowal, E., Gunthorpe, W. and Bailie, R.S., 2007. Measuring emotional and social wellbeing in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations: an analysis of a Negative Life Events Scale. International journal for equity in health, 6(1), p.18. MacMillan, H.L., MacMillan, A.B., Offord, D.R. and Dingle, J.L., 1996. Aboriginal health. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 155(11), p.1569. Marmot, M., 2005. Social determinants of health inequalities. The Lancet, 365(9464), pp.1099-1104. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L. and McNeil, J., 2014. Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), p.91. Marmot, M., 2011. Social determinants and the health of Indigenous Australians. Med J Aust, 194(10), pp.512-513. Pink, B. and Allbon, P., 2008. The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Prest, N., Paradies, Y., Stewart, P. and Luke, J., 2011. Racism and health among urban Aboriginal young people. BMC Public Health, 11(1), p.568. Purdie, N., Dudgeon, P. and Walker, R., 2010. Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. Trewin, D. and Madden, R., 2005. The health and welfare of Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Canberra, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Young, T.K., 2003. Review of research on aboriginal populations in Canada: relevance to their health needs. Bmj, 327(7412), pp.419-422. Vos, T., Barker, B., Begg, S., Stanley, L. and Lopez, A.D., 2009. Burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: the Indigenous health gap. international Journal of Epidemiology, 38(2), pp.470-477. Willows, N.D., 2005. Determinants of healthy eating in Aboriginal peoples in Canada: the current state of knowledge and research gaps. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'ePublique, pp.S32-S36.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Concussion Patients Essay Example For Students

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Concussion Patients Essay Concussion patients tend to have distinct symptoms that validate they are concussed. Symptoms may vary from person to person, based on how serious the injury was and how much impact the incident had on the cranial region. Although symptoms differ from person to person, some of the most common signs of a concussion are balance issues, nausea, dizziness, or sometimes blurred vision. These symptoms are easy to recognize, because, as Elaine Landau reveals in her Head and Brain Injuries book, â€Å"The effects of any type of brain damage are usually worst immediately following an injury† (Landau 24). Furthermore, because all concussion patients experience symptoms differently, doctors often determine if the injury was an open or closed head injury first, and then divide symptoms into four categories to better assess and target patients specific needs. We will write a custom essay on Symptoms And Symptoms Of Concussion Patients specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As outlined in Landau’s work, the two major categories of traumatic brain injuries are penetrating, or open, head injury (OHI) and closed head injury (CHI) (Landau 21). Open, or penetrating, head injuries can cause more trauma to the brain than closed head injuries. Open head injuries are also known as â€Å"penetrating head injuries†, because open head injuries involve something penetrating the skull and tearing its way into the brain, such as a gunshot wound. Landau gives a further, more visual description of this, by explaining how the bullet specifically ruptures the skull and enters the brain. Landau states that, after being shot in the cranium, â€Å"The bullet tears open the scalp, cracks the skull, and scrapes apart the soft tissue as it rips into the brain. Nerve fibers within the damaged area are stretched and torn, and numerous nerve cells are destroyed† (Landau 21). Although a gunshot wou. .eep too much or too little. Doctors stress the importance of regulating sleep patterns, because â€Å"not sleeping well can increase or worsen depression, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, and one’s sense of well-being† (http://www.msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/Sleep-And-Traumatic-Brain-Injury). Inadequate hours of sleep can also cause patients to develop sleep disorders, such as insomnia (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep) or extreme drowsiness. These are caused by a chemical and physical change in the brain and an individual’s injury affecting the chemicals in their body that help them sleep. As a result, doctors often prescribe certain medications to help regulate sleep patterns (Citing above). The side effects of sleep disorders are what make this dangerous, and it is essential that patients take these necessary precautions to prevent future disorders from forming.

Free Essays on Adam Smith

Adam Smith The purpose of this report is to educate the reader on a great man, the "Father of Economics", Adam Smith. His two unequal works, Theory of moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations laid the groundwork for several economists today. His concepts, such as the "invisible hand" and opinions are widely respected and integral to economic theory three centuries later. Adam Smith was born the son of the comptroller of customs at Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland in 1723, his father dying six months earlier. He studied at Glasgow University, then Oxford before moving on to deliver public lectures. In 1751 Smith was made a professor of Logic at Glasgow University, and then was promoted to the Chair of Logic, a post held until 1763, which he relinquished to become a tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch in France during 1764-66. Upon return, Smith is elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1776 Smith published the Wealth of Nations; seven years later becoming a founding member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. On July 17, 1790, Adam Smith dies after an illness. The Theory of Sentiments, published in 1759, was based on his Glasgow lectures. This work is concerned with the explanation of moral approval and disapproval. He bases his explanation on sympathy, focusing on the standards of ethical conduct that hold society together, emphasizing the general harmony of human motives and activities under a beneficent Providence. In 1776, while America was signing the Declaration of Independence, Smith moved to London and authored his world renowned Wealth of Nations, which examines the consequences of economic freedom. It covered the role of self-interest; the division of labor, the theory being if everyone does what he or she does best, the society as a whole would become more productive; the function of markets; and the international implications of a laissez-faire economy. At the time of publishing, there w... Free Essays on Adam Smith Free Essays on Adam Smith Adam Smith The purpose of this report is to educate the reader on a great man, the "Father of Economics", Adam Smith. His two unequal works, Theory of moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations laid the groundwork for several economists today. His concepts, such as the "invisible hand" and opinions are widely respected and integral to economic theory three centuries later. Adam Smith was born the son of the comptroller of customs at Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland in 1723, his father dying six months earlier. He studied at Glasgow University, then Oxford before moving on to deliver public lectures. In 1751 Smith was made a professor of Logic at Glasgow University, and then was promoted to the Chair of Logic, a post held until 1763, which he relinquished to become a tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch in France during 1764-66. Upon return, Smith is elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1776 Smith published the Wealth of Nations; seven years later becoming a founding member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. On July 17, 1790, Adam Smith dies after an illness. The Theory of Sentiments, published in 1759, was based on his Glasgow lectures. This work is concerned with the explanation of moral approval and disapproval. He bases his explanation on sympathy, focusing on the standards of ethical conduct that hold society together, emphasizing the general harmony of human motives and activities under a beneficent Providence. In 1776, while America was signing the Declaration of Independence, Smith moved to London and authored his world renowned Wealth of Nations, which examines the consequences of economic freedom. It covered the role of self-interest; the division of labor, the theory being if everyone does what he or she does best, the society as a whole would become more productive; the function of markets; and the international implications of a laissez-faire economy. At the time of publishing, there w...

Unit VII Assessment#1 Gaussian Plume Models Essay

Unit VII Assessment#1 Gaussian Plume Models - Essay Example Screen 3 models are an air pollution dispersion method used to investigate environmental aspect and condition of the atmospheric air (Livermore, 1998).it is a model designed to estimate worst case ground level concentrations of a single source as well as that in a cavity zone and the concentrations resulting from inversion break and shoreline fumigation. Therefore, SCREEN3 is a screening version of the ISC3 modeling. Its initial modeling works towards removing the need for a complicated modeling and helps in saving time and resources (Gaujar, 2010). It was developed in 1995 following the Gaussian plume modeling to cover regional scales. (Nieuwstadt and Dop, 1975). SCREEN3 has various advantages compared to other modeling types. First, it investigates ground level concentrations over large zones saving on time consumptions and minimizing resource inputs. It also covers models over any terrain while setting up any sources and pollutants in one file, it sets thresholds concentrations quickly while identifying specified value. In addition it analyses results in different formats such as graphical, text and use of tables (Nieuwstadt and Dop,

TIME METHOD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TIME METHOD - Essay Example The sample will comprise of 25 females and 25 males from final year of undergraduate class. Convenience and purposive sampling will be done to reach out to the desired sample. The chosen participants will be the one who will be willing to participate and respond to the questionnaire. All interested participants will be contacted beforehand for appointments for a face to face interview. A brief description of the study will be provided and the participants will be assured of confidentiality of their responses. At the time of the interview, the responses will be noted as well as tape recorded with participants’ permission. Individual interviews will be conducted and each interview will last for about 30 minutes. The responses will be transcribed after the interview is over. All written and recorded data will be labeled with necessary information such as date, name of participant for ease of referencing. Formats will be prepared to enter data as a step prior to the content analysis of the data. The information will be coded and categorized to arrive at themes and patterns in the responses. After broad themes and categories emerge, the results and findings will be interpreted keeping in mind the research questions. The results can be presented in various forms such as tables or graphs. Conclusions and recommendations will be provided at the

Collaboration and Consultation in Education Research Paper

Collaboration and Consultation in Education - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that collaborative learning is accomplished through the use of active engagement activities designed to exploit knowledge and to facilitate the sharing of the workload. In this method, learners can generate their individual parts of a larger assignment and then the parts are compiled as a group work. Collaboration is also a style employed by professionals in order to achieve a common and a shared goal. There are several terminologies that may be used interchangeably when discussing cooperation strategies. These terms include consultation, teamwork, collaborative work and collaborative consultation. However, the collaboration will be employed in this paper as the umbrella concept for the various collaborative strategies. Furthermore, there are different forms in which collaboration techniques are created. These are the student collaboration, teacher-student collaboration, teacher-parent collaboration, and student-parent co llaboration. All these forms of cooperation are primarily meant to help enhance the learning process of a student and to ensure they achieve the best in education. Collaboration is both advantageous in teaching and learning when it happens on various levels. Collective prioritizing of education by the students, teachers, members of a family, and the community as a whole is beneficial to teaching and learning process. The benefits will be more felt when all the stakeholders engage in activities that promote learning institutions, educators, and students. Additionally, the advantage of collaboration becomes more evident when teachers collaborate with other teachers to support innovative classroom practices. And aim at the high level of expectations for themselves and students as well. Further, the benefits of collaboration can be achieved more when students are granted the chance to work together for common academic goals in manners that improve learning.

Uses and Gratification Theory

Uses and Gratification Theory Before undertaking any form of production, or even to monitor the output of media text that has been generated, some sort of audience research has to be undertaken to measure the output of that particular product, for the purpose of this essay, I will be focusing on uses and gratifications, and the availability on the internet and the ability to record programs. Uses and gratifications theory first came to light in the 1940s, with the height of radio broadcasting, but later developed further in the early 70s with Katz, Blumler and Gurentich. The sudden interest came to light with having the first generation to grow up with a wider range of media abundance, the opportunity to have, print, radio and most of all television. The majority of the research that was conducted in the audience research environment was more focused on the effects of media exposure rather than what is done with the media text to the environment it is broadcasted to. Having this open question allowed for researches to have the ability to look in to the way the people deal with this text and what in turn is done with it. the social and origins of needs which generate expectations of mass media or other sources which led to differential patterns of media exposure, resulting in need gratification and other consequences, perhaps mostly unintended ones(Bulmer, j, Katz, E, 1974) Uses and gratification theory was developed to ask how mediated text is used by the consumer, rather than what media dose to the consumer (Katz, E. 1959), the theory asses the users as a active audience member rather than a passive one, this mean that the user will use specific text to gain the valuable knowledge that they are actively seeking from the program or text that they may be consuming for a purpose (Katz, E et al 1974) The approach suggests that people use the media to fulfil specific gratifications. This theory would then imply that the media compete against other information sources for viewers gratification. (Katz, E., et al, 1974) The rise of media available to the general public has become overwhelming, from newspapers to the internet, In turn the audience becomes more dependent on media and the consumption of it, this also means that there is no specific scheduling and timetabling of programs, with the rise of being able to plus or record programs allows the independent user to be able to watch programs that they feel interested in and in turn to use this to generate the gratification method, through the information that they have gathered from the consumption of that text. Blumler and Katz believed that the media text available was used in many different ways, all depending on the individuals preferences to as why they have chosen to openly accept this information that has been generated by the producer, this in short shows that the user has the ability to chose what they want to be exposed to, and in turn this gratify the users need, be it social or informational. (The Uses of mass communication; current perspectives on gratification theory, Katz, E et al 1974) Critics use to refer to the audience as passive, ignoring the fact that they are more able to chose what they what to consume, uses and gratifications sees them more as an individual and able to reject information that they see as not to be necessary to their daily life, knowledge allows the user to be more socially accepted, having information to use in streams at work or social gatherings. The flip side is that, the individual uses the role of media to generate some sort of escapism, to substitute part of time to immerse them selfs in text that may in some ways resemble their lifes, and generates satisfaction to be portrayed in a mass text, this is where the programming timetable that they have made using the plus system comes in to play to create a personal stimulation or enjoyment through the content that has been gathered for entertainment purposes, with the technology that is available in this day and age. (Morley 1992). Either way the information that each individual may receive from the information that they may have seeked out or stumbled upon can be decoded in different ways, this is all down to the way each person interprets that information to meet there needs (Blumler and Katz 1974). The content that is put together by the produce to send out a specific meaning can be decoded in many ways, this is down to many aspects of that person(s) life, it could result in the way they are bought up and the influence that are attachà © to that upbringing, also added to the social class that they are from and the people that they may be associated with, and finally the more wealthier they are can also result in what they may be exposed to and how they take it in, (www.rlwclarke.net). Uses and gratification is a method that allows for a progressive approach in audience research, but with limitations, this area focuses more on the individual, and the way they are affected by the text that they are exposed to, allowing for the individuals point of view, but with the internet and the more use of recorded programming, the over sighting of scheduling has changed, this could mean that the exposure to material is down to the persons preference, and the dismissing of others, i.e. sops because they may feel as though it is a waste of time and references them in no way. With the rise of the internet and the ability to record shows, allows for the user to generate their own gratifications from the chosen exposure of material, allowing the individual to immerse them selfs in the word of their choosing, social escapism is the way that everyone can be in there little cave and gather information that will become useful to their daily lifes, be it for work or social interaction. With the availability of multiple media platforms, allows for the individual to become more dependent on their expose to their specific media preference, this means that the person will become media oriented to be knowledgeable in their social environment, also at the same time dismissing those that do not portray them (Ball-Rokeach, et al 1973) Altered the structural relations among traditional media such as print and broadcast and unites them around the defining technologies of computer and satellite (Carey, 1998) To end it will be easy to say that, every day the choices available seem overwhelming to an individual that, but searching for the information that you may be interested in is not, have the ability to have a internet enabled phone or, a broadband enabled pc, will allow for quick and on the move dosage of knowledge. This builds for a framework to start the daily day of before being socially intractable with the foundations of things to talk about, or with feeds being directed to your mobile then accessing face book to arrange meetings and gathering information of others. For example I like dance music, so I might access the internet to find new information on musicians or DJs, and this will then in turn be repeated in my social group as a conversation started. To match ones wits against others, to get information and advice for daily living, to Provide a framework for ones day, to prepare oneself culturally for the demands of Upward mobility, or to be reassured about the dignity and usefulness of ones role. (Katz, Blumler, Gurevitch, 1974)

Oedipus the King: Bliss in Ignorance :: Oedipus Rex Essays

Oedipus Rex - Bliss in Ignorance One of the most memorable and meaningful Socratic quotes applies well when in context of Sophocles' Theban Trilogy. "The unexamined life is not worth living," proclaims Socrates. He could have meant many things by this statement, and in relation to the play, the meaning is found to be even more complex. Indeed, the situation of Oedipus, king of Thebes, the truth of this statement is in question. Would Oedipus have been better off if he was blind to the knowledge of his birth and the fate which was foretold to someday befall him? Truly though, his life would have been a far better and easier path had he never known about his true origins. His life in Corinth would have been long and prosperous, and Thebes would have lived on under King Laius. In fact, everyone would have been better off in the long run if Oedipus had not ventured out beyond the walls of Corinth. So is it worth living an examined life? Socrates had made this statement long after the creation of the Theban Trilogy. In the context of his own time, this was meant to imply that life must be examined and reflected upon, known and discovered by each individual philosopher to better enrich life for all. Yet in terms of Sophoclean drama, specifically Oedipus Rex, this was meant in a vastly different way. The unexamined life was one that was in the dark, unknown as to what fate lied beyond every turn and irony of living. Oedipus, up to the point in which he heard the comment in the tavern in Corinth, lived an unexamined life. To Socrates, he was an unfulfilled man, one who deserved to know more, one who was not complete. However, in a much less metaphysical sense, Oedipus' life was complete, in that he had all that he needed, and was living a happy and fruitful life. As the drama progresses, he finds out more and more, learning exactly what the implications of his birth was, he suffers the fate for examining his life. So what Socrates had meant, that the life which was not rich with self exploration and reflection was not worth living, was indeed different than its application in terms of Oedipus, who's life was unexamined, yet complete. The question arises, what would life have been like, if Oedipus had not discovered his true origins? Oedipus the King: Bliss in Ignorance :: Oedipus Rex Essays Oedipus Rex - Bliss in Ignorance One of the most memorable and meaningful Socratic quotes applies well when in context of Sophocles' Theban Trilogy. "The unexamined life is not worth living," proclaims Socrates. He could have meant many things by this statement, and in relation to the play, the meaning is found to be even more complex. Indeed, the situation of Oedipus, king of Thebes, the truth of this statement is in question. Would Oedipus have been better off if he was blind to the knowledge of his birth and the fate which was foretold to someday befall him? Truly though, his life would have been a far better and easier path had he never known about his true origins. His life in Corinth would have been long and prosperous, and Thebes would have lived on under King Laius. In fact, everyone would have been better off in the long run if Oedipus had not ventured out beyond the walls of Corinth. So is it worth living an examined life? Socrates had made this statement long after the creation of the Theban Trilogy. In the context of his own time, this was meant to imply that life must be examined and reflected upon, known and discovered by each individual philosopher to better enrich life for all. Yet in terms of Sophoclean drama, specifically Oedipus Rex, this was meant in a vastly different way. The unexamined life was one that was in the dark, unknown as to what fate lied beyond every turn and irony of living. Oedipus, up to the point in which he heard the comment in the tavern in Corinth, lived an unexamined life. To Socrates, he was an unfulfilled man, one who deserved to know more, one who was not complete. However, in a much less metaphysical sense, Oedipus' life was complete, in that he had all that he needed, and was living a happy and fruitful life. As the drama progresses, he finds out more and more, learning exactly what the implications of his birth was, he suffers the fate for examining his life. So what Socrates had meant, that the life which was not rich with self exploration and reflection was not worth living, was indeed different than its application in terms of Oedipus, who's life was unexamined, yet complete. The question arises, what would life have been like, if Oedipus had not discovered his true origins?

Great Expectations: Dickens writing is purely political

Charles Dickens was born on the 7th of February 1812, just before the time that is know as the Victorian Era. Dickens was a political journalist before becoming an author, which may well have helped him to deliver his political messages in his books. Dickens does this well at this, for example from reading Great Expectations one can clearly understand his views on social classes and how he wants to make a change by expressing them to the public, mainly the rich. Pip is the protagonist and narrator in Great Expectations. Just from his name we can learn some of Dicken's messages. Pip, is a very short name. Dickens named him Pip to show that just because your small in society, that doesn't mean you can't become big. As pip grew up, and rose in the social classes, Dickens is selling the rich that the poor have potential to be big in society. Pip then explains how he never came to know his father or mother because they had passed away when he was too young to know them. The readers will feel sympathy for pip at this point. Dickens also adds humour to the scene, when he has pip describe his parents by the style of writing on their tombstones, for example when he describes his dad ‘ he was a square, stout, dark man†¦' Dickens also uses this to render out a youthful innocence in Pip, as when the convict, Magwitch, asks him about his parents, Pip recites them as they appear on the tombstone. When Magwitch is introduced by Dickens, describe by Pip as a ‘fearful man', the readers will feel concerned for Pip and his safety. However, they will also feel pity for the man, as Pip describes him as a ‘man with no hat and with broken shoes'. Dickens does a good job at making the readers feel pity for both Pip and Magwitch at the same time. The readers will feel like they need to help Pip, as he is threatened with danger when Magwitch says ‘ I'll cut your throat!' Although Pip is overpowered by the convict, he is still very polite and kind to him, for example pip replies with ‘Sir' frequently, showing a sign of respect and good manner. This tells the readers that just because a person is poor, Pip in this case, that it doesn't mean they are not a gentlemen. Pip is also honest with Magwitch, further emphasizing Dicken's views. Dickens has Pip be polite to Magwitch; this is because Dickens wants the readers to see how Gentleman-like poor people actually are. Dickens has Magwitch force Pip to get him some food, by threatening him with an evil companion of his. We soon learn that this companion is actually made up. Dickens does this so that Magwitch is not as evil as he seems to be, and is in someway saving Pip from the so-called menace. It also shows how desperate Magwitch is for food, and how desperate poor people would go just to live. Onto chapter 8, the readers are introduced to a Mr. Pumblechook. Dickens has added this character to create humour and to emphasize his political messages. Mr Pumblechook thought that he was a gentleman because he was rich. Yet when contrasted to Pip, Pip is the real gentleman. Dickens message is vibrant and clear; you do not need to be rich to be a gentleman. Dickens has Mr. Pumblechook ask Pip a lot of questions, such as ‘Seven times nine, boy?' Pip does not know the answer; this is because he is not educated. Immediately the readers will feel sympathy for Pip, as they feel that he deserves one. This will also give the readers the assumption that Mr. Pumblechook. As Pip described, he was unable to eat his breakfast as Mr. Pumblechook kept asking him questions he knew he couldn't answer, and so theoretically stopping him from eating. Dickens uses this to deliver his message that in order to be fed, one must be educated. This will make the rich believe that the poor deserve education. It will make the readers believe Mr. Pumblechook is a selfish man. Mr. Pumblechook adds humour to the scene because he can be classed as a ‘wanna-be' rich person. Both social classes will find this funny so it is an appealing way of Dickens to keep the readers interested and enjoying the book, whilst sharing his political views. Dickens also gave him the name ‘Pumblechook' because it doesn't sound very serious, like he is. It will make him sound more like a joke than a gentleman. When Pumblechook takes Pip to Miss. Havisham's house, Pip meets Estella, the cruel invention of Mrs. Havisham's own madness. Estella's beauty amazes him. However Pip learns that she does not reflect her outer looks on the inside, and instead is cruel on the inside. The message here is simple; the rich look nice on the outside, yet lack that goodness on the inside. Mrs. Havisham, who adopted Estella, is the owner of the mansion Pip is visiting. She is a mad and vengeful woman, corrupting Estella to break Pip's heart as her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ had done previously. This shows how the rich are selfish of other people's feelings, and in this case, Pip, the poor young boy. It will make the rich audience think about how they treat the poor, and make Dicken's messages successful. The rich also put a lot of pressure on the poor, as demonstrated in Chapter 8. When Pip was playing with Estella, she makes remarks at the difference between the classes. ‘He calls the knaves, jacks, this boy†¦ and what coarse hands he has! And what thick boots!' This shows that she is disrespectful to Pip because he is poor and uneducated. This also puts pressure on Pip to change; Pip wanted to change because he liked Estella, but knew he she would never like him if he wasn't a ‘gentleman'. Also, when Miss. Havisham asks Pip about his feelings for Estella, he nervously and shyly replies ‘ I don't like to say'. Miss. Havisham replies ‘Tell me in my ear'. This shows a sign of disrespect and disregard to what Pip has to say, and politically Dickens uses to describe how the rich disregard what the poor have to say in society. Miss. Havisham's house is very big and beautiful. However on the inside, it is old and ugly, ‘the standing still of all the pale decayed objects' is an example. Dickens does this because it is a representation of how Dickens portrays the rich. It is also to describe how the rich cover their outside with nice clothes to hide the cruelty on the inside. From chapter one and 8 of Great Expectations, the statement above could be proved true; Dickens writing is purely political. Dickens use of characters, contrast, setting, metaphors, and description, has inserted many messages in ingenious ways so that the reader will learn of them. Dickens is not only a political writer, but is an outstanding writer all together. His ability to combine a great story with political meanings is perhaps why he is known as one of the best novelists of all time.

Natureview Farm Case Study Essays

Natureview Farm Case Study Essays Natureview Farm Case Study Paper Natureview Farm Case Study Paper Founded in 1989, Natureview Farm, Inc. is a small yogurt manufacturer. The current management team consists of, Barry Landers, CEO, Jim Wagner, CFO, Christine Walker, VP of marketing, Walter Bellini, VP of sales, Jack Gottlieb, VP of operations, and Kelly Riley, assistant marketing director. In 1997, Natureview received equity from a venture capital firm to help fund strategic investments. With proper management and necessary strategic investments, Natureview was able to grow its revenue from less than $100,000 in 1989 to $13M in 1999. The problem the current management team is faced with now, in early 2000, is that the venture capital firm wants to cash out and Natureview needs to find another investor or position itself for acquisition. In order to do so, Natureview needs to increase its annual revenue from $13M to $20M, by the end of 2001. NaturevieWs success in the natural foods channel is as a result of its emphasis on natural ingredients and its strong reputation for high quality and great taste. The special process and natural ingredients used by Natureview results in a unique mooth, creamy texture and an average shelf life of 50 days versus its competitors products that have a 30 day shelf life. Additional contributors to its success were the expansion of additional flavors and cup sizes, strong relationships with leading natural food retailers, and gorilla marketing tactics. Natureview entered the market with 8-oz. and 32-oz. cup sizes of plain and vanilla yogurt. They now offer 12 flavors in 8-oz. cup size which represents 86% of revenue, and 4 flavors in 32-oz. up size ontributing 14% of revenue. Currently, NaturevieWs products are only available in natural food chain stores, and Natureview has strong relationships with the top two, Whole Foods and Wild Oats. Chartered with the difficult task of developing a strategy to achieve $20M in revenues by the end of 2001 , the management team developed three options for consideration. The first option, recommended by Walter Bell ini, is to expand into two select supermarket channel regions (eastern and western) with six SKUs of its 8-oz. roduct line. The conservative projections of sales for this option of 35 million units will result in an incremental $16. 1M of revenue (net manufacturers selling price after channels to market markup) resulting in approximately $29. 070M in annual revenues. The second option, recommended by Jack Gottlieb, is to expand four SKUs of the 32-oz. size nationally. The projections of sales for this option of 5. 5 million units will result in an incremental $9. 240M of revenue resulting in approximately $22. 214M in annual revenues. The third option recommended by Kelly Riley, is to xpand its presence in the natural food channel by introducing two SKUs of a new childrens multi-pack product line, which is a six pack of 4-oz. cups. The projections of sales for this option of 1. 8 million units will result in an incremental $3. 186M of revenue resulting in approximately $16. 317M in annual revenues. In both the first and second option, expansion into the supermarket channel may cause channel conflict for Natureview and risk to its 24% of yogurt sales through the natural food channel. Retail supermarket prices are generally 15% lower than the natural food hannel which may force NaturevieWs traditional channel to lower their prices or supermarket channel now could have longer term impact since supermarket retailers will likely authorize only one organic yogurt brand, giving the first brand to enter the channel a significant first-mover advantage. Additional advantages to the first and second option are that supermarkets sold 97% of all yogurts consumed with 46% of organic food consumers purchasing from a supermarket, compared to 29% at a natural food channel. Additional risks of entering the supermarket channel are the ayment of one-time slotting fees of $10,000 per SKU per retail chain, incremental SGA and advertising costs, heavy reliance on brokers knowledge of promotional and merchandising requirements and a concentrated market with four leading competitors where the top two represent over 50% of the market. Specific to option one, additional advantages are the 8-oz. yogurt cups represent 74% of total category supermarket sales in US dollars growing at a rate of 3% per year. Additional advantages of option two are in 32-oz. ogurt cups the most important purchase riteria were brand, expiration date, and price, giving Natureview an advantage with its 50 day average shelf life and the average gross profit margin of 43. 6% versus 36. 0% for 8-oz. line. Advantages to option three are lack of disruption to existing relationships; the multi-pack represented 9% of category sales and is growing by more than 12. 5%, and potential to yield stron gest profit contribution of all the strategies outlined. The disadvantage with option three is that the company will not hit its revenue goal. In my opinion, the company should pursue option one, because n order to attract an investor or get acquired, the annual revenue production of $20M is required. Despite some potential channel conflict and decline in existing natural channel sales, option one would still allow them to achieve this target. Other natural food brands including Silk Soymilk and Amys Organic Foods have had proven success in the supermarket channel, increasing revenues 200% within two years. Natureview may experience the same success by being the first organic yogurt product in supermarket retail locations.

Prayer in Public Schools and the Resulting Changes

Prayer in Public Schools and the Resulting Changes Free Online Research Papers The date was June 25, 1962. On that date it was decided that prayer should not be allowed in the public schools in the United States. Since that time and even before then, morals and values that this country once had have plumaged further and further down hill. As a result of this act by the citizens and government in the United States at that time, morals that were once upheld by families and young people in this country have declined tremendously. Prayer being taken out of our schools, is this the reason our schools have become so violent? An article written in 2003 stated these facts. The top ten discipline problems in schools in the United States in 1940 were talking out of turn, chewing gum, making noise, running in the halls and cutting in line. By 1990, the top ten discipline problems were drug abuse, alcohol abuse, pregnancy, suicide, and rape. Between 1962, when prayer was taken out of schools, and 1963, the Bible was removed from public schools. Pregnancy of girls 15 to 19 years of age began a landmark rise from 15,000 to 30,000 over a 20 year period. STD’s among students 15-19 years of age began a rise of 400 to 1,200 per 100,000 persons. SAT scores began to plummet from 970 to 890 in a 20 year period. Violent crimes began a landmark increase of 544%, from 200,000 to 1.4 million. Also in 1963, the United States led in violent crimes, teen pregnancy, voluntary abortion, illegal drugs, and illiteracy. All this happened within the first 2 years after prayer was taken out of schools. A recent poll showed that the people surveyed thought that there was too little religious influence in the United States. America was founded as a Christian nation and prospered under God’s blessing. Having recently abandoned its commitment to God’s unchanging truth and morality, however, America is now suffering a social breakdown. It is important for Christians in this nation to understand that our own rights are being rapidly stripped away, often in the name of â€Å"tolerance†. What will be next for America? Will children soon not be able to say the pledge of America in their schools? Will they not be able to say â€Å"One Nation under God† either? What is next for our schools? What is next for our country? On the date that it was decided that prayer in schools was unconstitutional, not only was prayer kicked out of the public schools in the United States, God was kicked out too. Once one big act is taken, slowly but surely everything that went along with that one act will disappear as well. Unless America repents and returns to â€Å"traditional† values and morals, America will suffer God’s judgment. Research Papers on Prayer in Public Schools and the Resulting ChangesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

S Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

S Project - Essay Example Many chemicals and makeup products are designed to reduce the signs of aging on the outward appearance by covering up blemishes and unwanted wrinkles on our skin. In the long run, the decisions we make today can greatly impact our ability to combat the effects of the natural aging process. â€Å"9† The fashion industry has changed in recent years, especially in the United States. It no longer focuses on providing goods that are made right here in the U.S., but garments and products are made using cheap labor in foreign countries and then imported back to the United States. This allows companies to garner a greater gross profit than by paying for more expensive labor in America. The problem is that many organizations are being flagged for allegations that the work environments are incredibly terrible and actually border on engaging in many human rights violations. Still, the industry as a whole remains a multi-billion dollar industry and will continue to grow so long as there are customers willing to purchase clothes, accessories, makeup, and other goods and services to improve our outward

Clothing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clothing - Essay Example Clothes possess a number of functional roles, like offering protection, shelter and also helping us accentuate our physical appearances. Clothes play vital roles in carrying forward messages related to social or religious inclinations, marital status, etc. For example, In India, a married woman wears colorful clothing with the red sindoor. However, a widow gives up decking herself with jewellery and wears a white sari, that denotes her marital status. It also acts as a medium of depicting one's profession or nationality. To quote another example, ladies belonging to the Islam wear the burkha in accordance with their religion, which again denotes identities. Clothes also convey modesty and ethics, and the type of clothing plays a dominant role in assessing a person's character, while also portraying his background and Thus clothes possess numerous functional duties. A number of factors come to the forefront in deciding about the kind of clothing that dominate varied regions of the world. ... Over the last twenty centuries, clothing per se has undergone metamorphosis. However, besides the huge changes that have occurred, some very evident stereotypes have emerged, as well. Certain set rules and demarcations have emerged with the passage of time, that still dominate the current scene of clothing. One of these major trends has been the clear demarcated clothing type for both the genders. Almost all cultures and regional divisions across the globe have their own ancient dressing formats, as one can call it. Each such culture sets aside a specific kind of clothing for women, in separation from that for men. In the European culture for instance, men wear a pair of pant and shirt, while women wear skirts and blouses or gowns. However, in the East, ladies wear salwar kameez or saris and men wear the dhoti or kurta pyjama. Therefore, this set distinction between men and women clothes wear is a product of century-wise lineage brought down till date! Human nature seeks innovation and change. This applies to clothing, too. Across centuries, clothes have been altered, adapted and transformed into fashion statements of each era! New horizons are obviously emerging in terms of clothing. However, the change seems to still continue to be mere adaptations or variations of the age-old bequeathed ideas. This the era of Ungendered and Unisex Clothing, or clothing that both the genders can attire themselves in. In today's fast paced modern world, clothes also carry significance when worn according to the occasion,

Earth Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earth Sciences - Essay Example Thus, careful study of the accurate cardinal orientation of the Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt, and the Venus alignment of the Maya Palace of the Governor at Uxmal in Yucatan can reveal to what extent associated ancient cultures were advanced in their knowledge of astronomy and possibly provide scope for amazement at such achievements of monumental precision ((The Center for Archaeoastronomy, 2002). Stonehenge (Figures 4 & 5) has special significance to archaeoastronomy. It is certainly not the largest ancient stone circle in the world but it is certainly the only one with lintels on the upright stones (English Heritage Website, FAQs on Stonehenge). "Stonehenge, the word, is believed to have originated from the Anglo-Saxon period, from the old English word "henge' meaning 'hanging' or 'gibbet'. Thus, Stonehenge literally means the 'hanging stones' and may have been derived from the lintels that seem to hang above the uprights (English Heritage, Historical Background, Stonehenge, 2006). Today 'henge' has a special significance in archaeology meaning a circular construction of either stone or timber (English Heritage, Historical Background, Stonehenge, 2006). The discoveries at Stonehenge in the 60s have made the interdisciplinary fields of archaeoastronomy and ethnoastronomy (the study of contemporary native astronomies) active fields wherefrom scholars derive knowledge of our species' continuous interaction with the cosmos (The Center for Archaeoastronomy, 2002). The report seeks to find clearly why Stonehenge was built, when it was built and by whom. It shall explore available literature with research findings in recent years to attempt to do so. 2 Stonehenge - The English Heritage Monument: 2.1 Introduction: English Heritage and the National Trust look after Stonehenge jointly. Though curious visitors have been coming to the ancient site to gawk at the monumental constructions for over 5000 years it has only recently in 1986 been declared a World Heritage Site (English Heritage, Historical Background, 2006). Researchers from the English Heritage Scientific Dating Service used a variety of dating techniques to assess dates when the monument was built. The researchers assert that Stonehenge was built in three phases - the oldest construction was the Mesolithic activity in the present car park attached to the site. It must be noted here that the team

Biology What Are Your Career Goals and How Do Your Immediate Educational Plans Fit Into Them Essay Example for Free

Biology What Are Your Career Goals and How Do Your Immediate Educational Plans Fit Into Them Essay Biomedical Science Biomedical Science is the application of biology based science for medical use. It will allow you to learn the human body at the whole body, organ, tissue, cell and sub cellular level. You will also learn how these systems can go wrong in various diseases and how accurate diagnosis can be made using a variety of laboratory tests. Biomedical Science is a continually changing, dynamic profession with long-term career prospect including research, management and education. Biomedical Scientist Biomedical Scientist learns scientific and personal skills and gain qualification that can be transferred all over the world and can be recognised globally. BTEC HND Biomedical Science graduates may apply for the associate membership of the Institute of Biomedical Science in the UK after obtaining 5 years of relevant work experience. Careers Hospital laboratory biomedical scientist Industrial laboratory bio-scientist Bio-science research Medicine or Dentistry (after acceptance in medical school and further training) Science teaching Transfer Opportunities Students, who successfully complete HND in Biomedical Science, can transfer to Northumbria University Biomedical Science Degree which is accredited by the Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBMS). It provides the education and training required to become a Registered Biomedical Scientist. awarded by BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) BTEC HND in Biomedical Science is a 16 unit higher level qualification which is awarded by Edexcel UK. Programme Structure Unit 01 Unit 02 Unit 03 Unit 04 Unit 05 Unit 06 Unit 07 Unit 08 Cell Biology Biochemistry Human Physiology Laboratory Techniques Medical Microbiology Project Analysis of Scientific Information and Data Quality Assurance Quality Control Unit 09 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Histology and Haematology [continues]

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Vs. Gasoline Essays -- Energy Power Global Warming

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Vs. Gasoline: Who’s Down With HFC? ABSTRACT: The world’s oil supply is a diminishing nonrenewable resource. Soon, a new fuel for automobiles will be needed. Hydrogen fuel cells may very well become the chief replacement for gasoline in our society. INTRODUCTION: In our busy world today, we often find ourselves surrounded by vehicles. But how often do we ponder about by which means these vehicles are running? Vehicles are fueled by gasoline, a gradually diminishing resource. As a replacement for this fuel, scientists have been experimenting with a new technology called hydrogen fuel cells. Swiss scientist Christian Friedrich Schà ¶nbein developed the principle behind the fuel cell in 1838. Then in 1932, the first successful fuel cells were engineered by Francis Thomas Bacon of Britain. The main type of hydrogen fuel cell is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). In a PEM, electrons are separated from hydrogen atoms (at the anode), forming positively charged hydrogen atoms, or protons, and single electrons. Then the protons are drawn toward the oxygen atoms (at the cathode) on the other side of the membrane, where the electrons are forced to travel an alternate route to reach the hydrogen and oxygen. By traveling this alternate route, the electrons form a current, ergo energy. Once the protons and electrons meet with the oxygen, the byproducts created are water, heat, and some impurities (depending on the purity of the applied hydrogen). See Diagram 1 below (How PEM Fuel Cells Work). HFC 2 Which fuel supply is more efficient: hydrogen fuel cells or gasoline? To help reach a verdict, we will be comparing their availability, cost and efficiency, and pollution pot... ...en Fuel: a Clean and Secure Energy Future, The White House, Retrieved August 2, 2005, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030206-2.html 2. Fuel Cell, July 31, 2005, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Retrieved August 2, 2005, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell 3. How PEM Fuel Cells Work, Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml 4. Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/ 5. Hydrogen Production and Delivery, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_production_delivery.html 6. Tokyo Gas, Retrieved August 2, 2005, from http://www.tokyogas. co.jp/pefc_e/image_add/wh-46_01.gif

Understanding Native Americans in the Film, Dances with Wolves Essays

Understanding Native Americans in the Film, Dances with Wolves To dance with someone is to become one with him. When you dance, you lay selves aside and you try to move as one person. Every step flows cautiously into the next. You never want to step on the toes of the other person and with your hands you guide each other in various directions, but always together. The dance is a journey; one that brings two often very different people together. For that brief time that the two are dancing they act as one person, laying all differences aside. The film, Dances with wolves, accomplishes this feat. For one hundred and eighty-one minutes it allows us to get caught up in the dance of the white man and the Indians. Dances with wolves, disregards cultural barriers and only focuses on people for who they are as individuals. At the beginning of any dance, people are cautious. They must first "feel-out" the other person. They must get a sense of who the other person is, and what is meaningful to them. In the film, Dances with Wolves," John Dunbar approaches the Indians with this same apprehension. He is a white America who is alone on the frontier. He may be scared of the supposed "savages," but he never lets on. The stereotypical Indian is a brutal savage-like beast who kills for the sake of killing and ravages the countryside. In the first scene of the movie, this is the image that I received. It seemed hard to imagine any sense of brotherhood that could be found in the hearts of the Indians as we watched them scalp an innocent American named Timmons. My initial reactions, however, were disregarded as I continued to watch. I observed the first confrontation between Dunbar and the Indians. It was an encounter much like th... ...ried to a terrorist with a scientifically gifted sneaky child. What I want to say, and I ask you to take this back: We must look at racism as a disease. It is a cancer. It is very good and noble that the President has started this initiative. But you cannot put a band-aid on to treat cancer." Throughout the film and through the powerful testimonies mentioned above we realize the need for us to put stereotypes aside and truly desire to understand the Native American culture. It is only after we have "danced with them" that we can truly know them. Works Cited Dances with Wolves. Dir.Kevin Costner. Perf. Kevin Costner, Mary McDonnell, Graham Greene, and Rodney A. Grant. 1990. videocassette. American Indian Studies. www.jupiter.lang.osaka~v.ac.jp/~krkvls/FinalMovie PBS News Forum. March 1998. www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/race_relations/jan- june98/denver